Two’s Complement
For an n-bit word, the MSB is called the ‘sign bit’, which if 1 determines a negative number.
An n-bit word: (bn-1bn-2...b1b0)two represents the decimal number:
Eg, if n=4, 1101 = -8 + 4 + 1 = -3.
Eg, if n=5, 10110 = -16 + 2 + 4 = -10